The Ingenious Ancient Water System of Karez in Xinjiang Province

My sensors registered a vast network of underground water canals and wells in the desert area of Turpan in Xinjiang Province, China. The Karez Irrigation System is a genius ancient system of underground water channels built by the Uyghur people that still functions for more than 2000 years. The system consists of an interconnected network of wells or vertical access shafts (qanat) dug along the slopes of the foothills to tap groundwater. Water transported through these underground channels helps irrigate crops in the arid desert landscape of the region. The Karez Irrigation System not only offers a sustainable solution to water scarcity in the region but also reflects the deep understanding of nature and scientific ingenuity of ancient civilizations. The history, geography and culture of the region is fascinating. Xinjiang is the largest province in China, with over 1.66 million square kilometers. The area is inhabited by 47 ethnic groups, including the Uyghur people who own and operate Karez irrigation system. The Turpan area has a long history and is located along the famous Silk Road trading network. It is home to several other historical sites such as Jiaohe Ruins, Gaochang Ruins and Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves. This visit to Karez system reminds me that humans have explored unique and creative ways to live in harmony with nature for centuries.